信息技术简史

人类是一个群居体，从生命诞生以来，人类的生活就离不开信息的交流，从语言、文字到造纸术、印刷术，到电报、电话，一直到区块链、人工智能等新一代信息技术，人类的信息技不断变革。2015年5月，国务院印发《中国制造2025》，部署全面推进实施制造强国战略，围绕经济社会发展和国家安全重大需求，选择十大优势和战略产业作为突破点，新一代信息技术产业是其中之一。2016年7月、12月，《国家信息化发展战略纲要》和《"十三五”国家信息化规划》相继出台，力求加快释放信息化发展的巨大潜能，重点突破，推动信息技术更好服务经济升级和民生改善，以信息化驱动现代化，加快建设网络强国。 正是在这样的背景下，本书创作完成了，它是一本普及信息技术的书籍，从浩繁卷帙的长卷中，追索信息技术的发展，聆听历史的足音，感知未来的脚步。

第1 章 信息发展史 ·············································································· 1
1.1 语言 ······················································································· 2
1.2 文字 ······················································································· 4
1.3 驿站 ······················································································· 8
1.4 长城 ······················································································· 9
1.5 灯塔 ····················································································· 10
1.6 造纸术 ·················································································· 11
1.7 印刷术 ·················································································· 11
1.8 信鸽 ····················································································· 12
1.9 有线电 ·················································································· 13
1.10 无线电 ················································································ 21
1.11 人造卫星 ············································································ 24
1.12 互联网 ················································································ 29
1.13 新一代信息技术 ································································· 52
第2 章 终端技术 ················································································ 56
2.1 线缆······················································································ 57
2.2 半导体 ·················································································· 64
2.3 传感器 ·················································································· 69
2.4 智能硬件 ·············································································· 73
2.5 智能穿戴 ·············································································· 83
2.6 智能网关 ·············································································· 89
2.7 智能家居 ·············································································· 95
2.8 增材制造 ············································································ 106
2.9 4D 打印 ·············································································· 109
2.10 电池技术 ···········································································110
2.11 柔性电子 ···········································································117
2.12 显示技术 ···········································································118
2.13 虚拟现实 ·········································································· 121
第3 章 软件技术 ·············································································· 127
3.1 软件现状 ············································································ 128
3.2 开源技术 ············································································ 129
3.3 操作系统 ············································································ 135
3.4 IPv6 技术 ··········································································· 138
3.5 软件定义网络 ···································································· 141
第4 章 无线技术 ·············································································· 147
4.1 无线网分类 ········································································ 148
4.2 移动通信 ············································································ 149
4.3 WLAN 技术 ······································································· 171
4.4 蓝牙技术 ············································································ 177
4.5 ZigBee 技术 ······································································· 181
4.6 近场通信 ············································································ 183
4.7 LiFi 技术 ············································································ 186
4.8 无源WiFi ··········································································· 188
4.9 LPWAN ·············································································· 190
4.10 引力波 ·············································································· 199
第5 章 云计算 ·················································································· 201
5.1 云计算概念 ········································································ 202
5.2 云计算价值 ········································································ 204
5.3 云计算服务形式 ································································ 206
5.4 云计算应用 ········································································ 208
5.5 雾计算与云计算 ································································· 211
第6 章 大数据 ·················································································· 213
6.1 大数据概念 ········································································ 214
6.2 大数据应用 ········································································ 220
6.3 大数据前景 ········································································ 222
第7 章 物联网 ·················································································· 225
7.1 物联网 ················································································ 226
7.2 车联网 ················································································ 231
7.3 无人机 ················································································ 235
第8 章 人工智能 ·············································································· 239
8.1 人工智能定义 ···································································· 240
8.2 人机信息交互 ···································································· 242
8.3 人工智能的实现方式 ························································· 248
8.4 人工智能的发展 ································································ 255
第9 章 量子技术 ·············································································· 262
9.1 量子通信 ············································································ 263
9.2 量子计算 ············································································ 266
第10 章 区块链 ················································································ 270
10.1 拜占庭将军问题 ······························································· 271
10.2 区块链发展情况 ······························································· 272
10.3 区块链概念 ······································································ 274
10.4 区块链分类 ······································································ 276
10.5 区块链核心技术 ······························································· 277
10.6 区块链发展应用 ······························································· 278
第11 章 新能源新材料 ···································································· 281
11.1 新材料 ·············································································· 282
11.2 新能源 ·············································································· 300
第12 章 生物信息技术 ···································································· 309
12.1 生物特征识别 ·································································· 310
12.2 生物识别支付 ···································································311
12.3 生物计算机 ······································································ 314
12.4 DNA 计算机 ····································································· 315
12.5 DNA 互联网 ····································································· 317
12.6 DNA Fountain 编码技术 ··················································· 318
参考文献 ····························································································· 319

吕廷杰，教授，博导。1978年9月至1982年7月在北京邮电大学无线电工程系读大学本科；1982年9月至1985年5月在北京邮电大学攻读管理工程硕士研究生；1989年10月至1991年9月和1996年9月至1997年11月先后两次留学日本京都大学，并于1997年11月获京都大学系统工程博士学位；1994 年5 月至10月在美国 AT&T 工商管理学校和贝尔实验室做访问学者；1993年5月至1996年 5月任北京邮电大学管理工程系副主任、副教授；1996年6月至1998年2月任北京邮电大学任管理与人文学院副院长、教授；1998年2月至 1999 年12月借调至原邮电部任第22届万国邮联大会主席助理；2000年5月至 2003年5月任北京邮电大学研究生院常务副院长；2003年6月至2008年3月任经济管理学院院长；2008年3月至2015年5月任北京邮电大学校长助理，其间2011年5月至2014年9月兼任经济管理学院执行院长。担任的职务包括但不限于教育部电子商务教学指导委员会副主任、工信部科技委委员、工信部电信经济专家委员会委员、中国信息经济学会常务副理事长、中国技术经济研究会通信专委会主任、中国通信学会管理专委会主任、国际电信协会(ITS)常务理事、清华大学国家管理学研究基地研究员、中国管理科学院院士。