中华人民共和国简史（英文）

社会主义从破土而出到现在，已有500多年发展史；在中国传播、实践和发展有100多年的历史。本书系统阐述了社会主义的探索发展史，介绍世界社会主义的发展脉络，并重点围绕中国特色社会主义的形成和发展以及历史性成就进行深入阐释和突出展示，帮助读者结合世界社会主义的发展历程全面立体了解中国特色社会主义的发展逻辑，深切感受中国特色社会主义的独特优势与强大生命力。

“什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义”是全世界人民长期共同关注的话题。《社会主义发展简史》以展现中国社会主义事业发展的历史脉络为主线，充分吸收近年来思想理论界关于社会主义史、国际共产主义运动史的最新成果和丰富素材，从空想社会主义的产生和发展、科学社会主义的创立及其实践、世界社会主义的曲折与奋起、中国特色社会主义开辟社会主义新纪元、中国特色社会主义进入新时代等方面，对社会主义500多年的发展历程，特别是紧紧围绕中国特色社会主义的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、实践逻辑展开系统论述，帮助国内外普通读者在了解世界社会主义发展史的基础上更加深入了解中国特色社会主义的历史渊源、艰辛探索、非凡跨越和伟大贡献。

本书编写工作按照党中央统一部署，配合全党开展党史学习教育，由中宣部组织有关单位编写。

CONTENTS

FOREWORD..................................................................................................................i

CHAPTER I ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF UTOPIAN SOCIALISM... 1
1. Aspiring to an Ideal Society Since Ancient Times.............................. 1
2. The Capitalist Mode of Production and Emergence of
Utopian Socialism................................................................................ 4
3. Different Stages of Utopian Socialism and Its
Representative Figures...................................................................... 11
4. Major Standpoints and Historical Status of
Utopian Socialism ............................................................................. 23

CHAPTER II CREATION AND PRACTICE OF SCIENTIFIC
SOCIALISM ......................................................................................................33
1. Theoretical and Practical Activities of Marx and Engels in
the Early Period.................................................................................. 33
2. Historical Inevitability of the Emergence of
Scientific Socialism............................................................................ 38
3. Creation of Scientific Socialism........................................................... 44
4. Basic Principles of Scientific Socialism............................................... 49
5. Further Development of the Theory of Scientific Socialism............ 56
6. Scientific Socialism Becoming the Guiding Ideology of the
Workers’ Movement.......................................................................... 69

CHAPTER III FOUNDING OF THE FIRST SOCIALIST
COUNTRY IN THE WORLD........................................................................75
1. Russian Revolutionary Movements and Founding of the
Bolsheviks........................................................................................... 75
2. New Circumstances in the Times and “Victory of Socialism
in One Country”................................................................................. 81
3. The October Revolution in Russia and
Founding of the First Socialist Country.......................................... 87
4. Struggles to Consolidate the First Socialist State Power................. 97
5. From War Communism to New Economic Policy......................... 101

CHAPTER IV THE SPREAD OF SOCIALISM AND THE SOVIET
MODEL..............................................................................................................112
1. Socialist Construction and Industrialization
in the Soviet Union.......................................................................... 112
2. Formation of the Soviet Model and Its
Characteristics.................................................................................. 121
3. Spread of Socialism to Multiple Countries
After WWII....................................................................................... 125
4. Soviet Achievements and Lessons on Building
Socialism in 1920s-1950s................................................................. 134

CHAPTER V THE CPC EXPLORES THE PATH TO SOCIALISM .........144
1. Difficult Choices and Unstoppable Results in Modern China...... 144
2. New Democratic Revolution as a Prerequisite for Socialist
Revolution......................................................................................... 154
3. Establishment and Consolidation of the
Socialist System in China................................................................ 166
4. Exploring Socialist Development Path Suited to China’s
Conditions Based on Soviet Experience....................................... 176
5. Laying the Fundamentals of Development in
Contemporary China...................................................................... 184

CHAPTER VI SETBACKS AND RISE OF SOCIALISM............................199
1. Attempted Reform in the Soviet Union and Eastern
European Countries and Setbacks Encountered......................... 199
2. The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Drastic Changes in
Eastern Europe................................................................................. 206
3. Causes, Lessons and Insights of the Collapse of the Soviet
Union and Drastic Changes in Eastern Europe .......................... 216
4. Rising Again from the Most Discouraging Situation .................... 224

CHAPTER VII SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE
CHARACTERISTICS USHERING IN A NEW EPOCH OF
SOCIALISM.....................................................................................................231
1. Embarking on a New Era of Reform, Opening Up and
Socialist Modernization.................................................................. 231
2. A New Path of Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics.................................................................................. 245
3. Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics into the 21st
Century.............................................................................................. 254
4. Upholding and Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics in Changing Circumstances................................ 266

CHAPTER VIII SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE
CHARACTERISTICS ENTERING A NEW ERA...................................279
1. New Development Stage ................................................................... 280
2. Goal and Strategies for the New Era................................................ 294
3. Historic Achievements in Reform, Opening Up and
Modernization in the New Era...................................................... 302
4. Securing a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately
Prosperous Society in All Respects............................................... 329
5. Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics and
a Community with a Shared Future for Humanity.................... 344
6. Revolutionary Tempering Making a Stronger Party...................... 357
7. Striving to Write a Brilliant Chapter on Our New Journey to
Socialist Modernization.................................................................. 370

CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................379
1. Socialism as an Eternal Beacon of Human Progress ..................... 379
2. Profound Enlightenment from Historical Development of
Socialism ......................................................................................... 383
3. Socialism Towards New Triumphs.................................................. 392

INDEX........................................................................................................................395