中国开源发展深度报告（2024）

本报告总体分析中国开源生态体系的建设现状，深入研究全球开源项目与开发者的发展态势，系统解析开源技术在供给侧与需求侧的发展动态和趋势，深入研究开源安全与合规的前沿进展，以及最新的开源司法案例与趋势。深入洞察开源商业化的现状与发展路径，探讨地方开源建设的创新实践，挖掘开源国际化的潜力与机遇。 在基础设施建设方面，特别关注全球开源项目的现状、协同趋势以及未来发展方向，重点探讨中国开源项目与社区的发展及增长潜力。针对开源许可证的应用和发展，结合典型司法案例分析全球及中国开源法律环境的变化。 在开源技术和应用方面，分析了操作系统、数据库、人工智能等重点技术领域的开源发展趋势，探讨了金融、通信、能源电力等行业的开源应用现状与未来发展动向。 在开源教育与开源学术方面，深入分析当前的现状与挑战，提出了创新的开源教育体系和人才培养路径。 在地方开源体系建设方面，系统梳理了地方开源政策的实施现状与成效，提出了地方开源赋能经济发展的建议。 在企业开源实践方面，总结了典型企业的开源项目与商业化经验，分析了开源企业的成功模式与商业化发展趋势，探讨了开源国际化的推进路径与战略。

一、开源的重要价值····································································.1
（一）开源：驱动数字经济协同创新的引擎···································.2
（二）开源：塑造未来产业竞争力的战略支点································.3
（三）开源：多元主体协同共建的创新生态···································.4
二、开源项目与开发者发展整体态势················································.6
（一）开源贡献量发展态势·······················································.7
（二）开源进出口贡献量发展态势··············································.11
（三）活跃及新增活跃开源项目发展态势·····································.16
（四）技术领域代码贡献量发展态势···········································.23
（五）活跃及新增活跃开源开发者发展态势··································.28
（六）技术领域活跃开源开发者发展态势·····································.35
三、开源许可证的应用与发展························································37
（一）开源许可证的应用逻辑····················································.39
■■■ 中国开源发展深度报告（2024 年）
VI
（二）开源许可证的应用情况····················································.39
（三）中国开源许可证的发展及现状···········································.42
（四）司法判决所支持的开源规则和我国实践案例·························.46
四、代码托管平台发展整体态势·····················································59
（一）国内代码托管平台发展情况··············································.60
（二）国内代码托管平台发展挑战··············································.61
（三）国内平台之间的竞争与合作··············································.63
（四）代码托管平台的发展建议·················································.64
五、重点技术领域开源发展态势·····················································66
（一）开源操作系统领域发展态势··············································.66
（二）开源人工智能领域发展态势··············································.72
（三）开源数据库领域发展态势·················································.77
（四）重点技术领域开源发展建议··············································.82
六、重点行业领域开源应用态势·····················································84
（一）重点行业开源应用持续深入··············································.84
（二）金融行业开源应用发展态势··············································.86
（三）通信行业开源应用发展态势··············································.89
（四）能源电力行业开源应用发展态势········································.93
（五）重点行业领域开源应用发展建议········································.95
七、开源安全发展态势·································································98
（一）开源漏洞发展概述·························································.99
（二）开源SBOM 发展态势····················································.108
（三）开源SBOM 发展存在的问题及建议····································113
八、地方开源发展态势······························································.115
（一）地方开源发展概况·························································115
（二）地方开源典型城市·························································118
（三）地方开源发展存在的问题及建议······································.123
目 录 ■■■
VII
九、开源教育与开源学术发展态势················································.125
（一）开源教育现状·····························································.125
（二）开源教育面临的主要挑战···············································.130
（三）开源教育的发展建议····················································.131
（四）开源学术研究现状及挑战···············································.133
（五）开源学术发展建议·······················································.138
十、开源商业化发展态势···························································.140
（一）开源软件商业化的发展路径············································.142
（二）开源项目发展核心评估要点············································.147
（三）商业开源软件企业融资规模情况······································.148
（四）商业开源软件企业融资轮次情况······································.153
（五）部分商业开源软件企业发展情况······································.155
（六）开源商业化发展面临的困难和建议···································.159
参编单位················································································.163
致谢·····················································································.164
附录 2024 年中国商业开源软件企业融资轮次································.166